Discover Cape Sounion | Home of the Temple of Poseidon

Cape Sounion

Cape Sounion, situated approximately 70 km southeast of Athens at the southernmost point of the Attican peninsula, is a headland providing sweeping vistas of the Aegean Sea. Renowned for its ancient temples, it held great religious significance in ancient Greece. Today, you can wander through the imposing ruins of the Temple of Poseidon and the remnants of the Temple of Athena Sounias. In Greek mythology, Cape Sounion is believed to be the place where King Aegeus plunged to his death, giving the Aegean Sea its name. And here’s an interesting tidbit — Lord Byron, the 19th-century English poet, etched his name onto one of the columns of the Temple of Poseidon!

What to see at the archaeological site of Cape Sounion

Temple of Poseidon

The star attraction of Cape Sounion, this majestic temple dedicated to the god of the sea overlooks the Aegean from its cliffside perch. Of its 34 original Doric columns, 15 have stood the test of time, showcasing the skills of ancient Greek architects and craftsmen.

Temple of Poseidon

Temple of Athena Sounion

A short distance from the Temple of Poseidon, the Temple of Athena Sounion is another key historical site. Although it was dismantled in the 1st century AD and only its foundations remain today, it offers fascinating insights into the religious significance of the goddess Athena and boasts beautiful views of the surrounding landscape.

Temple of Athena Sounion

Panoramic views of the Aegean

From the top of Cape Sounion, you’ll be treated to incredible commanding views of the deep blue Aegean Sea, the Saronic Gulf, and the surrounding coastlines. On a clear day, you can see the nearby islands, making it a fantastic spot for photography and nature lovers.

Sounio Beach

After exploring the ancient ruins, take a refreshing break at the nearby Sounio Beach. With its clear blue waters and peaceful setting, it’s the perfect spot to relax and enjoy the natural beauty of Cape Sounion. You can also swim, sunbathe, or sample some excellent Greek seafood at one of the many beachside taverns.

Archaeological Museum of Lavrion

Located nearby in the town of Lavrion, the Archaeological Museum of Lavrion houses artifacts found at the archaeological site of Sounion, offering deeper insight into the region’s rich history. Lavrion and the area around Cape Sounion was renowned in Classical Antiquity (8th century BCE to 5th century AD) for its silver mines. The Athenians used the metal from here to mint coins.

A historical timeline of Cape Sounion

8th century BCE: Cape Sounion is first mentioned in Homer’s Odyssey as a significant landmark for sailors.
6th century BCE: The Temple of Poseidon and the Temple of Athena Sounion are constructed as part of religious sanctuaries.
480 BCE: Persian forces destroy parts of the temples during the Greco-Persian Wars.
440 BCE: The Temple of Poseidon is rebuilt by the Athenians during the Golden Age of Pericles.
1st century CE: Roman rule leads to the gradual decline of Cape Sounion’s religious significance.
18th century: European travelers rediscover the ruins, reigniting interest in the site.
1834: Archaeological excavations begin at Cape Sounion.
Present day: Cape Sounion is a protected archaeological site, attracting visitors for its rich history and scenic views.

Greek mythology and Cape Sounion

The tragic death of King Aegeus

According to Greek mythology, King Aegeus of Athens anxiously awaited the return of his son Theseus from Crete, where he had gone to fight the Minotaur. After slaying the Minotaur, Theseus sailed back but forgot to change his ship’s sails from black to white as a signal of his victory. Seeing his son’s ship return with black sails, Aegeus thought Theseus was dead. Overcome with grief, he leapt into the sea and drowned. The sea was then named the Aegean Sea in his honor.

Sanctuary of Poseidon

Cape Sounion was also closely tied to Poseidon, the Greek god of the sea. Sailors would offer sacrifices at the Temple of Poseidon before embarking on dangerous sea voyages, seeking the god’s protection against storms and shipwrecks. The temple also served as a landmark for sailors returning to Athens. This connection to Poseidon highlights the headland’s religious importance for seafarers.

The funeral of King Menelaus’s warrior

In his epic poem the Odyssey, the Ancient Greek poet Homer writes that Cape Sounion was where the ship of King Menelaus stopped on the way back after the Battle of Troy. The helmsman of the ship, Phrontis, had died as they approached the cape. Menelaus and his sailors landed at Sounion to give Phrontis full honors by cremating him on a funeral pyre on the beach.

Frequently asked questions about Cape Sounion

What type of attractions can I see at the archaeological site of Sounion?

Cape Sounion has two major archaeological attractions: the Temple of Poseidon and the remnants of the Temple of Athena Sounion. The site also offers incredible vistas of the Aegean Sea. The nearby Sounio Beach is perfect for a relaxing break.

Is Cape Sounion worth visiting?

Cape Sounion is not just a historical landmark but a place of immense natural beauty. Whether you’re fascinated by ancient history and Greek mythology or simply love scenic landscapes, this site offers something for everyone. The combination of ancient ruins, stunning sea views, and magnificent sunsets makes it a must-visit destination.

How much time should I allocate for a visit to Cape Sounion?

You should plan to spend at least 2 hours at Cape Sounion. This gives you enough time to explore the Temple of Poseidon and take in the views, especially if you’re visiting at sunset (highly recommended!). Since it’s located just about 2 hours from Athens, you can consider taking a guided day tour of Cape Sounion and the Temple of Poseidon.

Is the archaeological site of Sounion wheelchair accessible?

While Cape Sounion’s terrain is naturally rocky and uneven, certain areas, especially near the Temple of Poseidon, are accessible thanks to paths and some ramps. If you have limited mobility but can walk with aid, you’ll be able to navigate the path. However, wheelchair users won’t be able to get full access to the temple ruins. There is a viewing platform from which you can see the temple.

Are there any places to eat at Cape Sounion?

You’ll find many cafes and tavernas located near the site, where you can enjoy traditional Greek food while soaking in the views of the Aegean. Some of these eateries are near Sounio Beach, making them a great stop after exploring the ruins. The fresh local seafood is not to be missed!